- The /n/ sound spelt ‘kn’ and (less often) ‘gn’ at the beginning of words
- The sound /dʒ/ spelt ‘-ge’ and ‘-dge’ at the end of words, and sometimes spelt as ‘g’ elsewhere in words before ‘e’, ‘i’ and ‘y’.
- The /s/ sound spelt ‘c’ before ‘e’, ‘i’ and ‘y’